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Philip IV of Castille (Felipe IV) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal as Philip III (Filipe III) until 1640. The eldest son of Philip III (and his wife Margaret), Philip IV was born at Valladolid. His chief minister was Gaspar de Guzmán. Speaking properly was also Philip III of Aragon, though Spain was not a complete country in the same sense that has today. (The term King of the Spains - Rey de las Españas in Spanish - was the official title then). In his realms he was known as the Planet King, after the Sun (the fourth planet in the astronomy of the time)....
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Philip IV of Castille (Felipe IV) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal as Philip III (Filipe III) until 1640. The eldest son of Philip III (and his wife Margaret), Philip IV was born at Valladolid. His chief minister was Gaspar de Guzmán. Speaking properly was also Philip III of Aragon, though Spain was not a complete country in the same sense that has today. (The term King of the Spains - Rey de las Españas in Spanish - was the official title then). In his realms he was known as the Planet King, after the Sun (the fourth planet in the astronomy of the time)....
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Eighty Years' War of Dutch Independence
The Eighty Years' War or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, as well as the French region of Hauts-de-France against the political and religious heg... |
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Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque Painter
Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish Baroque painter, and a proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, colour, and sensuality. He is well known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history painti... |
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Philip III, King of Spain
Philip III, King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily was the king of Spain and Portugal and Algarves (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death. His chief minister was the Duke of Lerma. Philip III married Marga... |
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Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish Writer
Quevedo was a Spanish satirist, novelist and poet and one of the great writers of the Spanish Golden Age. His Los sueños is a brilliant and bitterly satiric account of the inhabitants of hell. Other major works include the philosophical treatise Prov... |
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Oliver Cromwell, Commonwealth of England
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Cromwell was one of the signatories of King Charles I's death warrant in 1649, and, as a member of the Rump... |
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The Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts, as well as the deadliest European religious war, in history. It took place in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648 and resulted in eight million casualties.
Initially a w... |
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Marie Thérèse of Spain, Queen of France
Maria Theresa of Spain was the daughter of Philip IV, King of Spain and Elizabeth of France. Maria Theresa was Queen of France as wife of King Louis XIV and mother of the Grand Dauphin, an ancestor of the last four Bourbon kings of France.... |
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Peace of Münster, Dutch Independence
The Peace of Münster was a treaty between the United Netherlands and Spain signed in 1648. It was a landmark treaty for the Dutch republic and one of the key events in Dutch history; with it, the United Netherlands finally became independent from the... |
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Anglo-Spanish War, Franco-Spanish War
The Anglo-Spanish War was a conflict between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Spain, between 1654 and 1660. It was caused by commercial rivalry. Each side attacked the other's commercial and colonial interests in various ways such a... |
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Charles II, Last Habsburg King of Spain
Charles II (Spanish: Carlos II) was the last Habsburg ruler of Spain. His realm included Southern Netherlands and Spain's overseas empire, stretching from the Americas to the Spanish East Indies. Known as "the Bewitched" (Spanish: el Hechizado), he i... |
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