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Timeline |
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20th CENTURY |
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20th CENTURY > Website 
The twentieth century was remarkable due to the technological, medical, social, ideological, and international innovations, and due to the rise of war, genocide, and democide on an unprecedented scale. The trends of mechanization of goods & services and networks of global communication which were begun in the 19th century continued at an ever increasing pace in the 20th. Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way during the twentieth century.
More on this Website >
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century
• timeline science • Edit
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Leo Tolstoy, Russian Writer
Count Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist and philosopher, considered one of the world's greatest writers.
About 1876 the doubts that had beset Tolstoy since youth, fed by his puritan temperament in conflict with his sensuality, gathered force. The resu... |
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Emperor Franz Josef, Austria-Hungary
Franz Josef was born in 1830. At the age of eighteen he became Hapsburg Emperor and in 1867, ruler of Austria-Hungary. Over the next few years his army subdued revolts in Hungary and Lombardy. Franz Josef suffered several personal tragedies. His brot... |
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Leopold II of Belgium
Leopold Louis-Philippe Marie Victor of Saxe-Coburg, succeeded his father, Leopold I of Belgium, to the Belgian throne in 1865 as Leopold II, King of the Belgians and remained king until his death. Outside of Belgium, however, he is chiefly remembered... |
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Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Architect
Architect H.P. Berlage designed everything from napkin rings to new urban developments. But he is best known as the architect who instituted a new style of architecture in late 19th-century Holland. The 1903 Amsterdam exchange building ('Beurs van Be... |
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Theodore Roosevelt, 26th Us President
Theodore Roosevelt is mostly remembered as the twenty-sixth President of the United States (1901-1909), but this astonishingly multifaceted man was a great many other things as well.
In addition to holding elective office as a New York State Assem... |
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Max Planck, Inventor of Quantum Theory
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was a German physicist who is considered to be the inventor of quantum theory. In 1899, he discovered a new fundamental constant, which is named Planck's constant, and is, for example, used to calculate the energy of a ph... |
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Wilhelm II, Last Emperor of Germany
Wilhelm, the son of Emperor Frederick III and Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria, was born in Berlin in 1859. He received a strict military and academic education at the Kassel Gymnasium and the University of Bonn.
In 1888 Wilhelm II became the... |
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Henry Ford, Car Mass Production 1913
Most people credit Henry Ford with inventing the automobile. The fact is he didn't. He did, however, introduce standardized interchangeable parts and assembly-line techniques in his plant. Which allowed for mass production of automobiles.
Henry Fo... |
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Nicholas II, Last Russian Tsar
Nicholas II, the last Russian Emperor, was the eldest son of Alexander III. He ascended the throne after the death of his father in 1894, and was crowned on May 14, 1896. The ceremony in Moscow was overshadowed by a catastrophe on Khodynskoe Field, w... |
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Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi became the international symbol of a free India. He lived a spiritual and ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and meditation. The Mahatma's political and spiritual hold on India was so great that the British authorities dared not interfere with h... |
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Lenin, Founder of the Soviet Republics
Lenin was the founder and guiding spirit of the Soviet Republics and the Communist International, the disciple of Marx, the leader of the Bolshevik party and the organizer of the Oct. revolution in Russia, was born on April 9 (22), 1870, in the town... |
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Piet Mondrian
In 1917, Mondrian became one of the founders of De Stijl. This group, which included Theo van Doesburg, Bart van der Leck, and Georges Vantongerloo, extended its principles of abstraction and simplification beyond painting and sculpture to architectu... |
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Roald Amundsen, 1st on the South Pole
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the Antarctic expedition of 1910–1912 which was the first to reach the South Pole. They arrived at the South Pole on 14 December 1911, 35 days before Scott. Amundsen... |
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Sir Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill was a politician, a soldier, an artist, and the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Minister. His father was Lord Randolph Churchill, a Nineteenth Century Tory politician. He was educated at Harrow and at Sandhurst Royal... |
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Albert Einstein, Relativity Theory - 1905
Einstein's contributions to physics began in 1905 with three major results: the explanation of Brownian motion in terms of molecules; the explanation of the photoelectric effect in terms of the quantum; and the special theory of relativity that links... |
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until 1953. Stalin's increasing control of the Party from 1928 onwards led to him becoming the de facto party leader and the dictator of his... |
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Atatürk, Founder Turkish Republic
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic and its first President, stands as a towering figure of the 20th Century. Among the great leaders of history, few have achieved so much in so short period, transformed the life of a nation... |
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Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ruled Italy as a dictator from 1922 to 1943. He created a fascist state through the use of state terror and propaganda. Using his charisma, total control of the media and intimidation of political rivals, he disassemb... |
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Le Corbusier, Architect
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris was born in La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland, 1887. Trained as an artist, he travelled extensively through Germany and the East. In Paris he studied under Auguste Perret and absorbed the cultural and artistic life of the... |
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Heidegger, German Philosopher
A student of Husserl, whom Heidegger succeeded as professor of philosophy at Freiburg, he was also influenced by Kierkegaard, Dilthey, and Nietzsche. Heidegger's major work, Being and Time (1927), analyzes the concepts of "care," "mood," and the indi... |
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Adolf Hitler, Der Führer
'Der Führer' (The Leader). Directly responsible for the deaths of over 60 million worldwide as a result of the Second World War.
Timeline 1905-1945.
In 1928 the Nazis hold 12 seats in the Reichstag (parliament). By 1932 they w... |
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Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin, who brought laughter to millions worldwide as the silent "Little Tramp" clown. From age 17 to 24 he was with Fred Karno's English vaudeville troupe, which brought him to New York in 1910, aged 21. In November of 1913 he signed a cont... |
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Charles de Gaulle
Leader of the French resistance in WWII - A lifetime military man, de Gaulle was minister for National Defense and War in June, 1940 when France capitulated to Germany. DeGaulle escaped to Britain, where he made a famous broadcast calling on the Fren... |
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Generalísimo Francisco Franco
Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was head of state of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. Known as "El Caudillo de España" ("the leader"), he presided over the fascist authoritarian government of the Spanish State following victory in the Spanish... |
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (pronunciation Mao Tse-tung) was a Chinese military and political leader, who led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PR... |
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Harry Truman, 33rd President USA
Harry Truman was president of America (1945-1952) after the death of F.D. Roosevelt in April 1945. Harry Truman gave the order for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and he represented the United States at Potsdam, the last of t... |
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Alfred Hitchcock, Director
The acknowledged master of the thriller genre he virtually invented, Alfred Hitchcock was also a brilliant technician who deftly blended sex, suspense and humor. He began his filmmaking career in 1919 illustrating title cards for silent films at Para... |
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Al Capone, Gangster
Alphonse Gabriel Capone, more popularly known as Al "Scarface" Capone, was a famous American gangster in the 1920s and 1930s, although his business card is reported to have said he was a dealer in used furniture. A Neapolitan born in New York, Capone... |
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Jean-Paul Sartre, French Philosopher
Recognizing a connection between the principles of existentialism and the more practical concerns of social and political struggle, Sartre wrote not only philosophical treatises but also novels, stories, plays, and political pamphlets. Sartre's perso... |
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Ronald Reagan, 40th US President
Ronald Reagan won the Republican Presidential nomination in 1980 and chose as his running mate former Texas Congressman and United Nations Ambassador George Bush. Voters troubled by inflation and by the year-long confinement of Americans in Iran s... |
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World War 1, Trenches on the Web
Introduction 1839-1914: The Long Fuse and Origins of the Great War. 1914- 1918: Listed are the events that turned what should have been a localized incident, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, into a world conflict. It was a m... |
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The Panama Canal
By August 15, 1914 the Panama Canal was officially opened by the passing of the SS Ancon. At the time, no single effort in American history had exacted such a price in dollars or in human life. The American expenditures from 1904 to... |
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Murder of Franz Ferdinand : Start WW1
World War I started with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria- Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 by a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist secret society.
Austria-Hungary's reaction to the dea... |
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Orson Welles
George Orson Welles was a uniquely talented artist, but one who was doomed to spend much of his life unable to realize his ambitions. It didn't start that way: Welles was a precocious and gifted child who began acting, writing, and directing for thea... |
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John F. Kennedy, 35th President USA
Thirty-Fifth President USA 1961-1963. On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest... |
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Nelson Mandela
Released on 11 February 1990. He was inaugurated as the first democratically elected State President of South Africa on 10 May 1994. Mandela's words, "The struggle is my life," are not to be taken lightly. Mandela personifies struggle. He is still le... |
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher's political career has been one of the most remarkable of modern times. Born in October 1925 at Grantham, a small market town in eastern England, she rose to become the first (and so far, the only) woman to lead a major Western demo... |
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Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926. He attended Catholic schools before graduating from the University of Havana with a degree in law.
Castro was a member of the Ortodoxo Party, a social-democrat party, and strongly criticized the governmen... |
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Marilyn Monroe
Marilyn Monroe personified Hollywood glamour with an unparalleled glow and energy that enamored the world. Although she was an alluring beauty with voluptuous curves and a generous pout, Marilyn was more than a '50s sex goddess. Her apparent vulnerab... |
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Andy Warhol
The 1960s was an extremely prolific decade for Warhol. Appropriating images from popular culture, Warhol created many paintings that remain icons of 20th-century art, such as the Campbell's Soup Cans, Disasters and Marilyns. In addition to pain... |
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Martin Luther King
Any number of historic moments in the civil rights struggle have been used to identify Martin Luther King, Jr. — prime mover of the Montgomery bus boycott, keynote speaker at the March on Washington, youngest Nobel Peace Prize laure... |
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Anne Frank
On 12 June, 1942, Anne Frank received a diary from her parents as a 13th birthday present. She called it Kitty and as she started to document her innermost feelings and thoughts in the diary, she also recorded one of the darkest periods in human hist... |
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Neil Armstrong, 1st Man on the Moon
As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first piloted lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first person to step on the surface of the Moon. On July 16, 1969, Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin be... |
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (born March 2, 1931), was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. His attempts at reform led to the end of the Cold War, but also inadvertently caused the end of the political supremacy of the Communist Party of... |
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Elvis Presley
In 1954, he began his singing career with the legendary Sun Records label in Memphis. In late 1955, his recording contract was sold to RCA Victor. By 1956, he was an international sensation. With a sound and style that uniquely combined his diverse m... |
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World War 2, WW2
World War 2 started nearly 64 years ago, when Germany invaded Poland without warning at 4.45am on the 1st September 1939. By the evening of the 3rd September, Britain and France were at war with Germany and within a week, Australia, New Zealand, Cana... |
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Timeline of the Holocaust
The Simon Wiesenthal Center is an international Jewish human rights organization dedicated to preserving the memory of the Holocaust by fostering tolerance and understanding through community involvement, educational outreach and social action. The C... |
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Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan's influence on popular music is incalculable. As a songwriter, he pioneered several different schools of pop songwriting, from confessional singer/songwriter to winding, hallucinatory, stream-of-conscious narratives. As a vocalist, he broke... |
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Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali has undoubtedly been a fixture in world culture since the 1960's. Seizing the gold medal at the Olympics in 1960, battling George Foreman in "The Rumble in the Jungle" in Zaire, and going head to head with Joe Frazier in "The Thrilla in... |
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Korean War
North Korea launched its invasion of the South with every confidence that they would win the war in a month or two. They were well armed by the USSR, their ranks filled with battle-hardened veterans of China's Civil War, and the Truman administration... |
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Atom Bomb on Hiroshima, WW2
On 6th August 1945, a B29 bomber (Enola Gay) dropped an atom bomb on Hiroshima. It has been estimated that over the years around 200,000 people have died as a result of this bomb being dropped. Japan did not surrender immediately and a second bomb wa... |
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David Bowie
David Bowie, as a musician, performer and song-writer, defied this convention completely, continually re-invented himself and his art at breakneck speed and illogical disjointedness. It seemed as though time was always at a premium. With complete dis... |
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Tim Berners-Lee, Inventor of The Web
In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the earlier "Enquire" work, it was designed to allow people to work together by combining their knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He wrote the first... |
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Sputnik 1 : First Satellite in Space
History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its ellipti... |
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The Beatles
1961, February 9 - On this date the group makes their first lunchtime debut as The Beatles for a session at the Cavern. March 21 - The Beatles first night-time appearance at the Cavern. The band gets paid a mere $42.00 per night. Recalls Gerry Marsd... |
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular war in which Americans ever fought. And there is no reckoning the cost. The toll in suffering, sorrow, in rancorous national turmoil can never be tabulated. No one wants ever to see America so divi... |
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The Cultural Revolution, China
The Cultural Revolution (CR), it might sound unfamiliar for most people. It broke out more than thirty years ago in China, and few people know what the CR meant and why it happened. What can be said for sure is that it made a big impact on almost al... |
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Apollo 11 : First Man on the Moon
The first human journey to the surface of the Moon began at Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, Florida with the liftoff of Apollo 11 on a Saturn V booster at 9:32 a.m. EDT (13:32 UT) on a clear sunny Wednesday, 16 July 1969.
"Houston... |
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Chernobyl, Nuclear Power Accident
The disaster that occured at a nuclear power plant in Chernobyl in the former USSR (now Ukraine) plant on April 25th 1986 is an example of the devastation that can occur when a nuclear reaction goes wrong. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant located 80... |
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The Fall of The Berlin Wall
On 9th November, at 18.57 hours, Günter Schabowski, head of the Berlin SED and an influential member of the outgoing Politburo, announced to bemused journalists that the Council of Ministers had just decided to allow East Germans to move... |
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Tiananmen Square Protests, China
The Tiananmen Square protests were a set of national protests in the People's Republic of China, which occurred between April 15, 1989 and June 4, 1989, centered in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The protests were part of a conflict between the... |
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Ghosts of Rwanda : Genocide
Significant events, statements and decisions that reveal how the United States and the West chose not to act to save hundreds of thousands of lives in the Rwandan genocide of 1994. The Beginning: April 6, 1994 Rwandan President Habyarimana is killed... |
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Massacre in Srebrenica
In the summer of 1995, two years after it was designated a United Nations Safe Area, the Bosnian town of Srebrenica became the scene of the worst massacre in the Bosnian war. This is an account of the critical days leading up to the killings:
Bos... |
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21st CENTURY
The twenty-first century is the first century of the third millennium (2001 - 3000).
The increasing prevalence of global communications and encounters with other calendars (Islamic calendar, Chinese calendar, Persian calendar, Hebrew calendar) su... |
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Who • What • When • Where • Which |
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