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Select > Who • What • When • Where • Which |
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RENAISSANCE > 
"Renaissance," French for "rebirth," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. During the era known by this name, Europe emerged from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages and experienced a time of financial growth. Also, and perhaps most importantly, the Renaissance was an age in which artistic, social, scientific, and political thought turned in new directions.
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More on this Website >
• http://www.learner.org/exhibit ... naissance/index.html
• Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance • Edit
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The Age of Exploration
The desire to explore the unknown has been a driving force in human history since the dawn of time. From the earliest documented accounts, ancient civilizations have expl... |
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Marco Polo, Travels to China
Marco Polo, is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road. He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His... |
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Petrarch, Poet
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), Italian scholar, poet, and humanist, a major force in the development of the Renaissance, famous for his poems addressed to Laura, an idea... |
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Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio was a Italian author and poet, the greatest of Petrarch's disciples, an important Renaissance humanist in his own right and author of a number of notab... |
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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV, born Wenceslaus, of the House of Luxembourg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1355 until his death. He was the eldest son and heir of John the Blind, from whom he... |
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Hongwu, Founder Ming Dynasty
The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor 1368-1398 of the Ming Dynasty of China. His era name, Hongwu, means "Immensely Martial.... |
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The 100 Years War
Fighting started in the Hundred Years' War because the Kings of England - descendants of William the Conqueror who still spoke French -wanted to rule France as well. Fra... |
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Chaucer, Father of English Poetry
Geoffrey Chaucer, author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat (courtier), and diplomat. Chaucer is best known as the author of The Canterbury Tales. He is sometimes credited wi... |
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The Black Death in Europe
The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great plague swept over Europe and ravaged cities causing widespread hysteria and d... |
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Yongle, 3rd Emperor Ming Dynasty
The Yongle Emperor, born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. His era name means "Perpetually Jubilant". His usurpation of the th... |
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Zheng He, the Chinese Admiral
In 1405, Zheng was chosen to lead the biggest naval expedition in history up to that time. Over the next 28 years (1405-1433), he commanded seven fleets that visited 37 c... |
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Jeanne d'Arc ( Joan of Arc )
Joan of Arc, in French, Jeanne d'Arc, also called the Maid of Orleans, a patron saint of France and a national heroine, led the resistance to the English invasion of Fran... |
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Mehmed II, The Conqueror
Mehmed II (1432-1481), nicknamed the conqueror, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire a short time in 1444 to 1446, and from 1451 to 1481. Mehmed II brought an end to the... |
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Columbus, Discovers America - 1492
Christopher Columbus departed on his first voyage from the port of Palos (near Huelva) in southern Spain, on August 3, 1492, in command of three ships: the Niña, the Pint... |
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Isabella, Queen of Spain
Isabella of Castile, who helped unify Spain via a dynastic marriage with Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469, was a master of propaganda to secure her rule. Although Isabella was... |
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Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, Florentine artist, one of the great masters of the High Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist. His profoun... |
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The Fall of Constantinople
When, at the age of twenty-one, Mehmed II (1451-1481) sat on the throne of the Ottoman Sultans his first thoughts turned to Constantinople. The capital was all that was... |
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Vasco Da Gama, Sails to India - 1498
Vasco da Gama is famous for his completion of the first all water trade route between Europe and India. Da Gama’s father, Estavao, had originally been chosen by King Joa... |
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Albrecht Durer
Albrecht Duerer was without doubt the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance. Living in Nuremberg, half-way between the Netherlands and Italy, he found inspiration i... |
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Copernicus, Earth moves around the Sun
Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who provided the first modern formulation of a heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the solar system in his epochal book, De revolu... |
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Michelangelo Buonarroti
He is one of the greatest artists of all time, a man whose name has become synonymous with the word "masterpiece": Michelangelo Buonarroti. As an artist he was unmatched,... |
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Martin Luther
On October 31, 1517 Luther preached a sermon against indulgences and, according to traditional accounts, posted the 95 Theses to the door of the castle's Church of All Sa... |
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Cortez, Conqueror of Mexico - 1519
Hernando Cortez was the Spanish conqueror of Mexico. He also wiped out the Aztec Empire. Cortez was born in 1485 in Medellin, Extremadura. His parents were of small Spani... |
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Henry VIII of England, Tudor
Henry VIII was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. He was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding... |
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REFORMATION
The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the estab... |
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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516-1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V ("Car... |
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Pope Gregory XIII, Gregorian Calendar
Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585). Pius V's successor was born at Bologna. He studied law at the famous university of his native city. At twenty-eight he graduated as a docto... |
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Frescoes Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo
Michelangelo was commissioned by Pope Julius II della Rovere in 1508 to repaint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel frescoed earlier by Piero Matteo d'Amelia with a star-sp... |
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John Calvin
A Frenchman, schooled in the new humanist tradition and prepared at the university to be a lawyer. He fell in with a circle of French humanists who read with great inter... |
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II, king of Spain and Portugal, was born at Valladolid, the only son of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. Philip II, the self-proclaimed... |
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Ivan the Terrible, The First Tsar
Stalin admired him. The rest of Europe believed he was mad. What is certain is that he was one of the most ruthless tyrants in history. Ivan was crowned Russia's first Ts... |
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Sir Francis Drake
Drake was, essentially, the greatest of all the Elizabethan sailors: a man ready for any adventure, beloved and followed by his men, yet absolute master on his own deck.... |
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Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, queen of Scots was one of the most fascinating and controversial monarchs of 16th century Europe. At one time, she claimed the crowns of four nations - Scotland, F... |
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Miguel de Cervantes, Creator Don Quixote
Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet, the creator of Don Quixote, the most famous figure in Spanish literature.
Miguel de Cervantes, born in Alcalá de Henares in 1... |
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James I, King of Scots (VI) and England
James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots and her second husband, Lord Darnley. He was less than a year old when he saw his mother for the last time, and thirteen m... |
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Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. Originally Archduke of Styria, his appointment as King of Bohemia was one of the causes of th... |
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ENLIGHTENMENT
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in 18th-century Europe. The goal of the Enlightenment was to establish an authoritative ethics, aesthetics, and know... |
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