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History of the Middle East, Timeline > 
Timeline from 3500 BC : Semitic clans in the Arabian peninsula, responding to pressures of over population in a region with limited resources, began migrating northward out of the area. They split up in the Sinai. One branch moved up the Nile Valley and implanted itself upon the local Hamitic population (producing the Egyptians of ancient history). The other settled in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, already inhabited by the Sumerians (who were not Semites).
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