 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Timeline |
|
 |
|
The Thirty Years' War |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
 |
|
The Thirty Years' War > Website 
Thirty Years' War, series of European conflicts lasting from 1618 to 1648, involving most of the countries of western Europe, and fought mainly in Germany. At first the struggle was primarily based on the profound religious antagonism engendered among Germans by the events of the Protestant Reformation. Religious animosity, especially among non-German adherents of the contending Protestant and Roman Catholic factions, broadened the war and was a substantial factor in its later stages. As the struggle gained momentum, however, its direction and character were decisively influenced by various other issues, including the dynastic rivalries of ambitious German princes and the determination of certain European powers, notably Sweden and France, to curb the power of the Holy Roman Empire, then the chief political instrument of Austria and the ruling Habsburg family. The religious hatreds that flared into the Thirty Years' War had smoldered for more than half a century before 1618. In large measure, this situation had resulted from the weaknesses of the Peace of Augsburg, an agreement concluded in 1555 between the Holy Roman emperor and the Lutheran princes of Germany. The war, which was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history, may be divided into four phases, usually styled and dated as follows: Palatine-Bohemian (1618-25), Danish (1625-29), Swedish (1630-35), and French (1635-48).
More on this Website >
• http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/riley/787/30/
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
James I, King of Scots (VI) and England
James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots and her second husband, Lord Darnley. He was less than a year old when he saw his mother for the last time, and thirteen months old when he was crowned King of Scots in Stirling after her forced abdicat... |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. Originally Archduke of Styria, his appointment as King of Bohemia was one of the causes of the Thirty Years' War. He was also the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire during mos... |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Wallenstein was a Bohemian soldier and politician who gave his services (an army of 30,000 to 100,000 men) during the Danish Period of the Thirty Years' War to Ferdinand II for no charge except the right to plunder the territories that he conquered.... |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Louis XIII of France
Louis XIII, king of France (1610–43). He succeeded his father, Henry IV, under the regency of his mother, Marie de' Medici. He married Anne of Austria in 1615. Even after being declared of age in 1614, he was excluded from affairs of state by his dom... |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Philip IV of Castille
Philip IV of Castille (Felipe IV) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal as Philip III (Filipe III) until 1640. The eldest son of Philip III (and his wife Margaret), Philip IV was born at Valladolid. His chief minister... |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Who • What • When • Where • Which |
|
| |
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|