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Philosophers
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Aristotle, Greek Philosopher
He studied (367-347 B.C.) under Plato and later (342-339 B.C.) tutored Alexander the Great at the Macedonian court. In 335 B.C. he opened a school in the Athenian Lyceum.... |
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Epicurus, Pleasure is the Highest Good
Epicurus was born in the Greek colony on Samos, but spent most of his active life in Athens, where he founded yet another school of philosophy. At "the Garden," Epicurus... |
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Zeno of Citium, The Stoic
Zeno of Citium (The Stoic) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium, Cyprus. Zeno was the son of a merchant and a student of Crates of Thebes, the most famous Cynic livi... |
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Cicero, Roman Philosopher
Cicero was born in 106 BC, six years before the birth of Julius Caesar, into a wealthy family, though none of his family served as senators. He received the Roman equival... |
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Cato, the Younger
Marcus Porcius Cato "Uticensis" (also known as Cato the Younger) was many things, including the adamantine foe of the triumvirs Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus and the man wh... |
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Marcus Junius Brutus, Assassin of Caesar
Shakespeare's Julius Caesar has so influenced the Western mind in its conception of the relative characters of Caesar and his chief assassin, Brutus, that it is almost im... |
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Seneca, Philosopher
Seneca, Roman philosopher, dramatist, and statesman, who was one of the most eminent writers of the Silver Age of Latin literature. He was born Lucius Annaeus Seneca in C... |
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Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor
Marcus Antoninus the Philosopher, Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. It is this quality of Marcus' character which has made him a unique figure in Roman history,... |
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Plotinus, Father of Neoplatonism
Plotinus was a major philosopher in the ancient world and is widely considered the father of Neoplatonism. Much of our biographical information about him comes from Porph... |
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Julian the Apostate, Roman Emperor
The emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus reigned from 360 to 26 June 363, when he was killed fighting against the Persians. Despite his short rule, his emperorship was pivot... |
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Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo
He was named the Christian bishop of Hippo (Annaba, Algeria) in 396, and devoted the remaining decades of his life to the formation of an ascetic religious community. Aug... |
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Boethius, Roman Scholar
In two ways, Boethius was unique. He was far and away the best educated Roman of his age: indeed, there had been no one like him for a century, and there would never be a... |
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Al-Farabi, Muslim Philosopher
Al-Farabi, Farabi, and Abunaser was a Muslim philosopher and scientist and one of the greatest scientists and philosophers of his time.
Some historians claim Farabi wa... |
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Ibn al-Haytham, Father of Optics
Ibn al-Haytham was an Arab or Persian Muslim polymath who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathe... |
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Al-Biruni, Persian Mathematician
Abu Rayhan Biruni was a Persian mathematician, physicist, scholar, encyclopedist, philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, traveller, historian, pharmacist, and teacher, who... |
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