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Philosophers
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Thales, 1st Greek Philosopher
Thales of Miletus seems to be the first known Greek philosopher, scientist and mathematician although his occupation was that of an engineer. He is believed to have been the teacher of Anaximander (611 BC - 545 BC) and he was the first natural philos... |
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Anaximander of Miletus, Philosopher
Anaximander, Ionian philosopher of Miletus, the first Greek known to have written (c.546) a book in prose, a treatise on nature, now lost except for one quotation. It was said that he introduced into Greece the gnomon (the vertical rod whose shadow i... |
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Lao Tzu, Founder of Taoism
Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher, reputedly the founder of Taoism. It is uncertain that Lao Tzu (old person or old philosopher) is historical. His biography in Ssu-ma Ch'ien's Records of the Historian (1st cent. B.C.) says he was a contemporary of Confuc... |
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Epimenides of Knossos
Epimenides of Knossos was a semi-mythical 6th century BC Greek seer and philosopher-poet, who is said to have fallen asleep for fifty-seven years in a Cretan cave sacred to Zeus, after which he reportedly awoke with the gift of prophecy.
It is not... |
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Pythagoras of Samos
Pythagoras of Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know relatively little about his mathematical achievements. Unlike many later Greek mathematicians, w... |
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Confucius, Chinese Philosopher
Confucius was a famous sage and social philosopher of China whose teachings deeply influenced East Asia during twenty centuries. Living in times of trouble, he was convinced of his ability to restore the world's order but he failed. Considered as a "... |
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Heraclitus of Ephesus
Greek philosopher, born at Ephesus of distinguished parentage. Of his early life and education we know nothing; from the contempt with which he spoke of all his fellow philosophers and of his fellow citizens as a whole we may gather that he regarded... |
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Parmenides, Philosopher
Parmenides of Elea was a Greek philosopher and poet, born of an illustrious family about BCE. 510, at Elea in Lower Italy, and is is the chief representative of the Eleatic philosophy. He was held in high esteem by his fellow-citizens for his excelle... |
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Anaxagoras, Cause of Eclipses
Greek philosopher of nature remembered for his cosmology and for his discovery of the true cause of eclipses. He was associated with the Athenian statesman Pericles. About 480 Anaxagoras moved to Athens, then becoming the centre of Greek culture, and... |
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Protagoras, Man is Measure of all Things
Protagoras of Abdera was one of several fifth century Greek thinkers (including also Gorgias, Hippias, and Prodicus) collectively known as the Older Sophists, a group of traveling teachers or intellectuals who were experts in rhetoric (the science of... |
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Zeno of Elea, All is One
Very little is known of the life of Zeno of Elea. We certainly know that he was a philosopher, and he is said to have been the son of Teleutagoras. The main source of our knowledge of Zeno comes from the dialogue Parmenides written by Plato. Zeno was... |
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Leucippus, 1st Theory of Atomism
Leucippus or Leukippos was the first Greek to develop the theory of atomism — the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms — which was elaborated in far greater detail by his pupil and succe... |
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Socrates, Greek Philosopher
A philosopher of Athens, generally regarded as one of the wisest people of all time. It is not known who his teachers were, but he seems to have been acquainted with the doctrines of PARMENIDES, HERACLITUS, and ANAXAGORAS. Socrates himself left no wr... |
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Democritus, 1st Atomic Theory
Democritus ("chosen of the people") was an Ancient Greek philosopher born in Abdera, Thrace, Greece. He was an influential pre-Socratic philosopher who formulated an atomic theory for the cosmos. His exact contributions are difficult to disentangle f... |
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Plato, Greek Philosopher
In 407 B.C. he became a pupil and friend of Socrates. After living for a time at the Syracuse court, Plato founded near Athens the most influential school of the ancient world, the Academy, where he taught until his death. His most famous pupil there... |
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