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Invention of Gunpowder
Gunpowder, reportedly produced from saltpetre, sulphur and charcoal, is a Chinese invention. Earliest records of the formula date to the 800s. The Chinese used gunpowder... |
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Pope Urban II, Crusade Instigator
Urban is best known for starting the First Crusade. Urban's crusading movement took its first public shape at the Council of Piacenza, where in March 1095 Urban received... |
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Godfrey of Bouillon, Leader 1st Crusade
Godfrey of Bouillon was a leader of the First Crusade. He was either the eldest or the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of Godfrey III, Duke... |
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Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror
William took seven months to prepare his invasion force, using some 600 transport ships to carry around 7,000 men (including 2,000-3,000 cavalry) across the Channel. On 2... |
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St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian monastic order. "The voice of conscience, the dominating figure in the C... |
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The Crusades
The First Crusade is the most documented of all the Crusades. Each Royal Court had its own historian, who told his Lord's story of conquest and adventure, emphasizing his... |
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Siege of Jerusalem, First Crusade
In the early 11th century, the Egyptian Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah ordered the destruction of all churches and synagogues in Jerusalem. Reports of this were one... |
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Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted less than two hundred years, until 1291 when the las... |
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Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple, were among the most famous of the Weste... |
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Saladin, Opponent of Crusaders
Saladin is a hero of Islam, he united Arab forces and recaptured the holy city of Jerusalem from Christian Crusaders in the 12th century A.D. Of Kurdish origin, Saladin b... |
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King Richard I - The Lionheart
While Richard Plantagenet is revered as one of the great warrior kings of England, he is perhaps best known as "the absent king." This is due to the fact that during his... |
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Pope Innocent III
The young, incomparably brilliant and accomplished, courageous and forceful successor of Saint Peter, Innocent III, who was prevailed upon to accept the sublime burden of... |
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King Philip II of France, Philip Augustus
Philip II or Philip Augustus, Philippe Auguste, King of France (1180–1223). His reign was marked by greater control over feudal lords and an expansion of royal territorie... |
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Israel and the Palestinians
Looks back at the origins and development of the Arab-Israeli conflict... |
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William Wallace, Braveheart
Sir William Wallace is considered one of Scotland's greatest heroes, thanks to his opposition to English rule under Edward I in the 13th century. The son of a minor Scott... |
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