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For studies of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Qumran Timeline - Incorporating Egyptian, Israelite, Assyrian, Babylonian, Hittite, Persian, and Roman Reference Timelines. Dead SeaScrolls, Qumran, Judaism, Christianity... |
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Mesopotamian Timeline
A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. Mesopotamia stands at the very dawn of human recorded history; we are often fooled into think... |
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The Epic of Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh is one of the oldest recorded stories in the world. It tells the story of an ancient King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, who may have actually existed, and whose name is... |
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Enheduanna, Sumerian Poet/Priestess
Enheduanna was a Sumerian/Akkadian high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, who came to honor Inanna above all the other gods of the Sumerian pantheon. A single tablet... |
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Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria
Ashurbanipal, Assurbanipal or Sardanapal, (reigned 669-627 BC), was the last great king of ancient Assyria. He is famous as one of the few kings in antiquity who could hi... |
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Darius The Great, King of Persia
Darius I: king of ancient Persia, whose reign lasted from 522 to 486. He seized power after killing king Gaumâta, fought a civil war (described in the Behistun inscriptio... |
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The Cyrus Cylinder
The Cyrus Cylinder, discovered in 1879 and now in the British Museum, is one of the most famous cuneiform texts, because it was once believed that it confirmed what the B... |
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Xerxes I, Persian King
Persian king (486 – 465 BC) of the Achaemenian dynasty. The son of Darius I, he had been governor of Babylon before his succession. He ferociously suppressed rebellions i... |
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The Persian Wars
Series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire. The writings of Herodotus, who was born c.484 B.C., are the great source of knowledge of the histo... |
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Battle of Thermopylae
In the Battle of Thermopylae of 480 BC, an alliance of Greek city-states fought the invading Persian Empire at the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece. Vastly outnumber... |
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Ibn al-Haytham, Father of Optics
Ibn al-Haytham was an Arab or Persian Muslim polymath who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathe... |
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Saladin, Opponent of Crusaders
Saladin, Arabic Salah ad-Din, Muslim warrior and Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, the great opponent of the Crusaders, b. Mesopotamia, of Kurdish descent.
Gathering a large f... |
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The Fall of Baghdad
By 1251 the horsemen of the steppe were united once again, under the authority of three brothers, grandsons of Genghis Khan: Mongke, Kubilay and Hulegu. It was the ambiti... |
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Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb was the ruler of the Mughal Empire in India (1658-1707) and is commonly considered the last of the great Mughal emperors as well one of the most controversial.... |
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Henry Rawlinson, Deciphered Cuneiform
Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, 1st Baronet GCB was an English soldier, diplomat and orientalist. He is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Assyriology." Knowledge of... |
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