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Dynasties
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Fu Xi or Fu Hsi, 1st of the Three Emperors
Fu Xi or Fu Hsi of the San Huang Dynasty, was the first of the mythical Three Sovereigns of ancient China. He is a culture hero reputed to be the inventor of writing, fishing, and trapping.
The Yi Jing (or Zhou Yi; Wade-Giles I Ching) is attribute... |
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Huang Di, One of the Five Emperors
The Yellow Emperor or Huang Di is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is said to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese.
One of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is said by tradition to have reigned from 2698 BCE to 2599 BCE. The l... |
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Yu the Great, First Xia Monarch
King Yu of Xia of China, born Si Wen Ming, often called Da Yu ("Yu the Great"). Yu was the legendary first Chinese monarch of the Xia Dynasty, considered the founder of the dynasty. Occasionally identified as one of The Three August Ones and the Five... |
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Cheng Yang, Chinese Emperor
Cheng Yang of the Shang, Chinese Emperor, said to have reigned BC 1766. The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty (1600 BC-1046 BC) is the first confirmed historic Chinese dynasty and ruled in the northeastern region of China proper. The Shang dynasty followe... |
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Cyrus The Great, Founder of Persia
Cyrus was the first Achaemenid Emperor. He founded Persia by uniting the two original Iranian Tribes- the Medes and the Persians. Although he was known to be a great conqueror, who at one point controlled one of the greatest Empires ever seen, he is... |
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Darius The Great, King of Persia
Darius I: king of ancient Persia, whose reign lasted from 522 to 486. He seized power after killing king Gaumâta, fought a civil war (described in the Behistun inscription), and was finally able to refound the Achaemenid empire, which had been very l... |
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Xerxes I, Persian King
Persian king (486 – 465 BC) of the Achaemenian dynasty. The son of Darius I, he had been governor of Babylon before his succession. He ferociously suppressed rebellions in Egypt (484) and Babylonia (482). To avenge Darius's defeat by the Greeks at th... |
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Darius III, Defeated by Alexander
The last Persian Great King of the Achaemenid dynasty - Darius III Codomannus - is remembered in history as the premier enemy who was beaten by Alexander. Darius had to abandon his commanding battlefield position twice, both at Issus and Gaugamela, u... |
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Ptolemy I, Founder Ptolemaic Dynasty
Ptolemy I Soter: friend and biographer of the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great, after his death king of Egypt, founder of the the Ptolemaic dynasty, one of the Diadochi.
Ptolemy probably took part in Alexander's Persian campaign from the v... |
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The Ptolemies, Last Indept. Dynasty Egypt
Ptolemies: name of the last dynasty of independent Egypt. In 332, the Macedonian king Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and gave a new capital to the old kingdom along the Nile, Alexandria. After his death (11 June 323), his friend Ptolemy became s... |
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Qin Shi Huangdi, First Emperor of China
Emperor Shi Huang of Qin dynasty of China, also called Qin Shi Huang (260 BC-210 BC), was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name which means F... |
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Han Gaozu, Founder Han Dynasty
Han Gaozu, Chinese emperor, reigned 206-194 B.C, during the Eastern Han dynasty.
Emperor Gao, commonly known inside China as Gaozu, personal name Liu Bang, was the first emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty, ruling over China from 202 BC until 195 B... |
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Cleopatra VII, the Last Pharaoh
In the springtime of 51 BC, Ptolemy Auletes died and left his kingdom in his will to his eighteen year old daughter, Cleopatra, and her younger brother Ptolemy XIII who was twelve at the time. According to Egyptian law, Cleopatra was forced to have... |
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Trajan, 13th Roman Emperor
Trajan was Roman emperor (A.D. 98-A.D. 117). Born in Spain, he was the first non-Italian to become head of the empire. Trajan served in the East, in Germany, and in Spain. He was adopted in A.D. 97 by Emperor Nerva, who died shortly afterward. A capa... |
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Hadrian, 14th Roman Emperor
Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus, known as Hadrian in English, was Roman emperor from 117 - 138, and member of the gens Aelia. Hadrian was born in Italica, Hispania, to a well-established settler family. He was a distant relative of his predecessor... |
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