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Index Librorum
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Romantics
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Desiderius Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam was a Dutch humanist and theologian. Erasmus was a classical scholar who wrote in a "pure" Latin style. Although Erasmus remained a Roman... |
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Niccolò Machiavelli
In 1498, Niccolò Machiavelli began his career as an active politician in the independent city-state of Florence, engaging in diplomatic missions through France and German... |
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Copernicus, Earth moves around the Sun
Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who provided the first modern formulation of a heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the solar system in his epochal book, De revolu... |
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John Calvin
A Frenchman, schooled in the new humanist tradition and prepared at the university to be a lawyer. He fell in with a circle of French humanists who read with great inter... |
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Index Librorum Prohibitorum
The principle of a list of forbidden books was adopted at the Fifth Lateran Council in 1515, then confirmed by the Council of Trent in 1546. The first edition of the Inde... |
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Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
French humanist whose motto was "Que sais-je?" ["What do I know?"]. Montaigne's Essais (Essays) (1580, 1588) drew attention to the vain pretensions of human rationality a... |
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Giordano Bruno
Italian philosopher of the Renaissance and follower of Nicolas of Cusa. An aposotate Dominican, Bruno tried to incorporate both Copernican astronomy and hermetic mysticis... |
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Sir Francis Bacon
Sir Francis Bacon achieved fame as an English philosopher, statesman, and essayist. He was knighted in 1603, created Baron Verulam in 1618, and finally created Viscount S... |
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Galileo Timeline
A detailed chronology of Galileo's life. Galileo invented many mechanical devices other than the pump, such as the hydrostatic balance. But perhaps his most famous invent... |
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Thomas Hobbes
Decades after completing his traditional education as a classicist at Oxford and serving as tutor of William Cavendish, Thomas Hobbes became convinced that the methods em... |
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René Descartes, French Philosopher
Unsatisfied with scholastic philosophy and troubled by skepticism of the sort expounded by Montaigne, Descartes soon conceived a comprehensive plan for applying mathemati... |
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Baruch Spinoza, Dutch Philosopher
A member of the Sephardic Jewish community of Amsterdam, Spinoza received a thorough education in the tradition of medieval philosophical texts as well as in the works of... |
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John Locke
John Locke was a British philosopher, Oxford academic and medical researcher, whose association with Anthony Ashley Cooper (later the First Earl of Shaftesbury) led him t... |
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Voltaire, Author and Philosopher
"Those who can make you believe absurdities
can make you commit atrocities." Francois Marie Arouet (pen name Voltaire) was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris. Voltaire'... |
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David Hume
"Hume is our Politics, Hume is our Trade, Hume is our Philosophy, Hume is our Religion." This statement by 19th century British idealist philosopher James Hutchison Stirl... |
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